Repeats
Repeats
Adding volta brackets to additional staves
The Volta_engraver
by default resides in the Score
context, and brackets for the repeat are thus normally only printed
over the topmost staff. This can be adjusted by adding the
Volta_engraver
to the Staff
context where the brackets
should appear; see also the “Volta multi staff” snippet.
<<
\new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
\new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
\new Staff \with { \consists "Volta_engraver" } { c'2 g' e' a' }
\new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
>>
Cross-staff tremolos
Since \repeat tremolo
expects exactly two musical arguments for
chord tremolos, the note or chord which changes staff within a
cross-staff tremolo should be placed inside curly braces together with
its \change Staff
command.
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "up" \relative c'' {
\key a \major
\time 3/8
s4.
}
\new Staff = "down" \relative c'' {
\key a \major
\time 3/8
\voiceOne
\repeat tremolo 6 {
<a e'>32
{
\change Staff = "up"
\voiceTwo
<cis a' dis>32
}
}
}
>>
Engraving tremolos with floating beams
If a tremolo’s total duration is less than a quarter-note, or exactly a
half-note, or between a half-note and a whole-note, it is normally
typeset with all beams touching the stems. Certain engraving styles
typeset some of these beams as centered floating beams that do not
touch the stems. The number of floating beams in this type of tremolo
is controlled with the 'gap-count
property of the Beam
object, and the size of the gaps between beams and stems is set with
the 'gap
property.
\relative c'' {
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap-count = #1
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap-count = #2
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap-count = #3
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap-count = #3
\override Beam #'gap = #1.33
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap = #1
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap = #0.67
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
\override Beam #'gap = #0.33
\repeat tremolo 8 { a32 f }
}
Isolated percent repeats
Isolated percents can also be printed. This is done by entering a
multi-measure rest with a different print function:
\relative c'' {
\override MultiMeasureRest #'stencil
= #ly:multi-measure-rest::percent
\override MultiMeasureRest #'thickness = #0.48
R1
}
Measure counter
This snippet provides a workaround for emitting measure counters using
transparent percent repeats.
<<
\context Voice = "foo" {
\clef bass
c4 r g r
c4 r g r
c4 r g r
c4 r g r
}
\context Voice = "foo" {
\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
\override PercentRepeat #'transparent = ##t
\override PercentRepeatCounter #'staff-padding = #1
\repeat percent 4 { s1 }
}
>>
Percent repeat count visibility
Percent repeat counters can be shown at regular intervals by setting
the context property repeatCountVisibility
.
\relative c'' {
\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
\set repeatCountVisibility = #(every-nth-repeat-count-visible 5)
\repeat percent 10 { c1 } \break
\set repeatCountVisibility = #(every-nth-repeat-count-visible 2)
\repeat percent 6 { c1 d1 }
}
Percent repeat counter
Measure repeats of more than two repeats can get a counter when the
convenient property is switched, as shown in this example:
\relative c'' {
\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
\repeat percent 4 { c1 }
}
Positioning segno and coda (with line break)
If you want to place an exiting segno sign and add text like “D.S.
al Coda” next to it where usually the staff lines are you can use this
snippet. The coda will resume in a new line. There is a variation
documented in this snippet, where the coda will remain on the same
line.
{
\clef treble
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\relative c'' {
\repeat unfold 2 {
| c4 c c c
}
% Set segno sign as rehearsal mark and adjust size if needed
% \once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'font-size = #3
\mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.segno" }
\repeat unfold 2 {
| c4 c c c
}
% Set coda sign as rehearsal mark and adjust size if needed
\once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'font-size = #4
\mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.coda" }
\repeat unfold 2 {
| c4 c c c
}
% Should Coda be on anew line?
% Coda NOT on new line: use \nobreak
% Coda on new line: DON'T use \nobreak
% \noBreak
\bar "||"
% Set segno sign as rehearsal mark and adjust size if needed
\once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'break-visibility = #begin-of-line-invisible
% \once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'font-size = #3
\mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.segno" }
% Here begins the trickery!
% \cadenzaOn will suppress the bar count and \stopStaff removes the staff lines.
\cadenzaOn
\stopStaff
% Some examples of possible text-displays
% text line-aligned
% ==================
% Move text to the desired position
% \once \override TextScript #'extra-offset = #'( 2 . -3.5 )
% | s1*0^\markup { D.S. al Coda } }
% text center-aligned
% ====================
% Move text to the desired position
% \once \override TextScript #'extra-offset = #'( 6 . -5.0 )
% | s1*0^\markup { \center-column { D.S. "al Coda" } }
% text and symbols center-aligned
% ===============================
% Move text to the desired position and tweak spacing for optimum text alignment
%\once \override TextScript #'extra-offset = #'( 8 . -5.5 )
\once \override TextScript #'word-space = #1.5
\once \override TextScript #'X-offset = #8
\once \override TextScript #'Y-offset = #1.5
| s1*0^\markup { \center-column { "D.S. al Coda" \line { \musicglyph #"scripts.coda" \musicglyph #"scripts.tenuto" \musicglyph #"scripts.coda"} } }
% Increasing the unfold counter will expand the staff-free space
\repeat unfold 4 {
s4 s4 s4 s4
\bar ""
}
% Resume bar count and show staff lines again
\startStaff
\cadenzaOff
% Should Coda be on new line?
% Coda NOT on new line: DON'T use \break
% Coda on new line: use \break
\break
% Show up, you clef and key!
\once \override Staff.KeySignature #'break-visibility = #end-of-line-invisible
\once \override Staff.Clef #'break-visibility = #end-of-line-invisible
% Set coda sign as rehearsal mark and adjust size and position
% Put the coda sign ontop of the (treble-)clef dependend on coda's line-position
% Coda NOT on new line, use this:
% \once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'extra-offset = #'( -2 . 1.75 )
% Coda on new line, use this:
\once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'extra-offset = #'( -8.42 . 1.75 )
\once \override Score.RehearsalMark #'font-size = #5
\mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.coda" }
% The coda
\repeat unfold 5 {
| c4 c c c
}
\bar"|."
}
}
Printing a repeat sign at the beginning of a piece
A |:
bar line can be printed at the beginning of a piece, by
overriding the relevant property:
\relative c'' {
\once \override Score.BreakAlignment #'break-align-orders =
#(make-vector 3 '(instrument-name
left-edge
ambitus
span-bar
breathing-sign
clef
key-signature
time-signature
staff-bar
custos
span-bar))
\once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'space-alist =
#'((first-note . (fixed-space . 2.0))
(right-edge . (extra-space . 0.5))
;; free up some space between time signature
;; and repeat bar line
(staff-bar . (extra-space . 1)))
\bar "|:"
c1
d1
d4 e f g
}
Shortening volta brackets
By default, the volta brackets will be drawn over all of the
alternative music, but it is possible to shorten them by setting
voltaSpannerDuration
. In the next example, the bracket only
lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4.
\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
c4 c c
\set Score.voltaSpannerDuration = #(ly:make-moment 3 4)
\repeat volta 5 { d4 d d }
\alternative {
{
e4 e e
f4 f f
}
{ g4 g g }
}
}
Volta below chords
By adding the Volta_engraver
to the relevant staff, volte can be
put under chords.
\score {
<<
\chords {
c1
c1
}
\new Staff \with {
\consists "Volta_engraver"
}
{
\repeat volta 2 { c'1 }
\alternative { c' }
}
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
\remove "Volta_engraver"
}
}
}
Volta multi staff
By adding the Volta_engraver
to the relevant staff, volte can be
put over staves other than the topmost one in a score.
voltaMusic = \relative c'' {
\repeat volta 2 {
c1
}
\alternative {
d1
e1
}
}
<<
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff \voltaMusic
\new Staff \voltaMusic
>>
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff \with { \consists "Volta_engraver" }
\voltaMusic
\new Staff \voltaMusic
>>
>>
Volta text markup using repeatCommands
Though volte are best specified using \repeat volta
, the
context property repeatCommands
must be used in cases where the
volta text needs more advanced formatting with \markup
.
Since repeatCommands
takes a list, the simplest method of
including markup is to use an identifier for the text and embed it in
the command list using the Scheme syntax #(list (list 'volta
textIdentifier))
. Start- and end-repeat commands can be added as
separate list elements:
voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
\relative c'' {
c1
\set Score.repeatCommands = #(list (list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
c4 b d e
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
f1
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
}