Ancient notation
Ancient notation
Adding a figured bass above or below the notes
When writing a figured bass, here’s a way to specify if you want your
figures to be placed above or below the bass notes, by defining the
BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction
property (exclusively
in a Staff
context). Choices are #UP
(or #1
),
#CENTER
(or #0
) and #DOWN
(or #-1
).
As you can see here, this property can be changed as many times as you
wish. Use \once \override
if you don’t want the tweak to apply
to the whole score.
bass = {
\clef bass
g4 b, c d
e d8 c d2
}
continuo = \figuremode {
<_>4 <6>8
\once \override Staff.BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction = #CENTER
<5/>8 <_>4
\override Staff.BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction = #UP
<_+>4 <6>
\set Staff.useBassFigureExtenders = ##t
\override Staff.BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction = #DOWN
<4>4. <4>8 <_+>4
}
\score {
<<
\new Staff = bassStaff \bass
\context Staff = bassStaff \continuo
>>
}
Ancient fonts
Shown here are many (all?) of the symbols that are included in
LilyPond’s support for ancient notation.
upperStaff = \new VaticanaStaff = "upperStaff" <<
\context VaticanaVoice <<
\transpose c c {
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.punctum
\key es \major
\clef "vaticana-fa2"
c1 des e f ges
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.inclinatum
a! b ces'
\bar "|"
% \break % 1 (8*1)
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.quilisma
b! des'! ges! fes!
\breathe
\clef "vaticana-fa1"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.plica
es d
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.reverse.plica
c d
\bar "|"
% \break %2 (8*1)
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.punctum.cavum
es f
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.lpes
g as
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.upes
bes as
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.vupes
g f
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.linea.punctum
\once \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #2.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 3 (8*1)
es d
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.epiphonus
c d
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.cephalicus
es f
\override Staff.KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-medicaea-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-medicaea-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'medicaea
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.punctum
\clef "medicaea-fa2"
ces des
\bar "|"
% \break % 4 (8*1)
e! f! ges
\clef "medicaea-do2"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.inclinatum
a! b! ces'
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.virga
b! a!
\bar "|"
% \break % 5 (8*1)
ges fes
\clef "medicaea-fa1"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.rvirga
e des ces
\override Staff.KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-hufnagel-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-hufnagel-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'hufnagel
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.punctum
\clef "hufnagel-fa2"
ces des es
\bar "|"
% \break % 6 (8*1)
fes ges
\clef "hufnagel-do2"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.lpes
as! bes! ces'
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.virga
bes! as!
\bar "|"
% \break % 7 (8*1)
ges! fes!
\clef "hufnagel-do-fa"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.punctum
es! des ces des! es! fes!
\bar "||"
% \break % 8 (8*1)
s32*1
% \break % 12 (32*1)
}
>>
>>
lowerStaff = \new MensuralStaff = "lowerStaff" <<
\context MensuralVoice <<
\transpose c c {
\key a \major
cis'1 d'\breve gis'\breve e'\breve \[ e'\longa fis'\longa \]
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "neomensural-c2"
cis1
\bar "|"
% \break % 2 (16*1)
\[ g\breve dis''\longa \]
b\breve \[ a\longa d\longa \]
\clef "petrucci-c2"
% \break % 4 (16*1)
fis1 ces1
\clef "petrucci-c2"
r\longa
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-c2"
r\breve
\bar "|"
% \break % 5 (8*1)
r2
\clef "mensural-g"
r4 r8 r16 r16
\override NoteHead #'style = #'mensural
\override Rest #'style = #'mensural
\clef "petrucci-f"
c8 b, c16 b, c32 b, c64 b, c64 b,
d8 e d16 e d32 e d64 e d64 e
r\longa
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "petrucci-f"
r\breve
\bar "|"
% \break % 6 (8*1)
r\breve
\clef "mensural-f"
r2 r4 r8 r16 r16
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-f"
e\breve f g a1
\clef "mensural-g"
% \break % 7 (8*1)
\[ bes'!\longa a'!\longa c''!\longa \]
e'1 d' c' d' \bar "|"
\bar "|"
% \break % 9 (16*1)
bes'!\longa fis'!1 as'!1 ges'!\longa % lig
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-g"
e'2 d' c' \bar "|"
% \break % 11 (16*1)
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "petrucci-g"
c'2 d' e' f'
\clef "petrucci-g"
g' as'! bes'! cis''!
bes'! as'! gis'! fis'!
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-g"
es'! des'! cis'!1 \bar "||"
% \break % 12 (8*1)
}
>>
>>
\paper {
line-thickness = #(/ staff-space 5.0)
}
\score {
<<
\upperStaff
\lowerStaff
>>
\layout {
indent = 0.0
line-width = 17.25\cm
\context {
\Score
timing = ##f
}
\context {
\MensuralVoice
\override NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\override Stem #'flag-style = #'mensural
\override Stem #'thickness = #1.0
}
\context {
\MensuralStaff
\revert BarLine #'transparent
\override KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-mensural-glyph-name-alist
clefGlyph = #"clefs.petrucci.c2"
}
\context {
\VaticanaStaff
\revert BarLine #'transparent
\override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #2.0
\override KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-vaticana-glyph-name-alist
\override Custos #'neutral-position = #4
}
}
}
Ancient notation template – modern transcription of gregorian music
This example demonstrates how to do modern transcription of Gregorian
music. Gregorian music has no measure, no stems; it uses only half and
quarter note heads, and special marks, indicating rests of different
length.
\include "gregorian.ly"
chant = \relative c' {
\set Score.timing = ##f
f4 a2 \divisioMinima
g4 b a2 f2 \divisioMaior
g4( f) f( g) a2 \finalis
}
verba = \lyricmode {
Lo -- rem ip -- sum do -- lor sit a -- met
}
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "melody" \chant
\new Lyrics = "one" \lyricsto melody \verba
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\remove "Bar_engraver"
\override Stem #'transparent = ##t
}
\context {
\Voice
\override Stem #'length = #0
}
\context {
\Score
barAlways = ##t
}
}
}
Ancient notation template – modern transcription of mensural music
When transcribing mensural music, an incipit at the beginning of the
piece is useful to indicate the original key and tempo. While today
musicians are used to bar lines in order to faster recognize rhythmic
patterns, bar lines were not yet invented during the period of mensural
music; in fact, the meter often changed after every few notes. As a
compromise, bar lines are often printed between the staves rather than
on the staves.
global = {
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
% incipit
\once \override Score.SystemStartBracket #'transparent = ##t
\override Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment = #1.0 % tight spacing
\key f \major
\time 2/2
\once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
\override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Voice.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##f
\cadenzaOn % turn off bar lines
\skip 1*10
\once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
\bar "||"
\skip 1*1 % need this extra \skip such that clef change comes
% after bar line
\bar ""
% main
\revert Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment % CHECK: no effect?
\cadenzaOff % turn bar lines on again
\once \override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'default
\override Voice.Rest #'style = #'default
% FIXME: setting printKeyCancellation back to #t must not
% occur in the first bar after the incipit. Dto. for forceClef.
% Therefore, we need an extra \skip.
\skip 1*1
\set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##t
\set Staff.forceClef = ##f
\skip 1*7 % the actual music
% let finis bar go through all staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
% finis bar
\bar "|."
}
discantusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Discantus "
% incipit
\clef "neomensural-c1"
c'1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*8 % eight bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "treble"
d'2. d'4 |
b e' d'2 |
c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
a4) b a2 |
b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
b\breve |
}
}
discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi -- |
la -- te De -- |
o, om --
nis ter -- |
ra, __ om- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
altusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Altus "
% incipit
\clef "neomensural-c3"
r1 % one bar
f1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*7 % seven bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "treble"
r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
a2 g4 e |
fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
g1 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
g\breve |
}
}
altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
De -- o, om -- |
nis ter -- ra, |
"..." |
-us. |
}
tenorNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor "
% incipit
\clef "neomensural-c4"
r\longa % four bars
r\breve % two bars
r1 % one bar
c'1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "treble_8"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
d'\breve |
}
}
tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
"..." |
-us. |
}
bassusNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bassus "
% incipit
\clef "bass"
r\maxima % eight bars
f1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "bass"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
g2. e4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
g\breve |
}
}
bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
\score {
\new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
\new Voice =
"discantusNotes" << \global \discantusNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
\new Voice =
"altusNotes" << \global \altusNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
\new Voice =
"tenorNotes" << \global \tenorNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
\new Voice =
"bassusNotes" << \global \bassusNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
% no bars in staves
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
% incipit should not start with a start delimiter
\remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
}
\context {
\Voice
% no slurs
\override Slur #'transparent = ##t
% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
% breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
% into the next bar. The command is commented out in this
% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
%\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
}
}
}
Ancient time signatures
Time signatures may also be engraved in an old style.
{
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
s1
}
Chant or psalms notation
This form of notation is used for the chant of the Psalms, where verses
aren’t always the same length.
stemOn = { \revert Staff.Stem #'transparent }
stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t }
\score {
\new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }
{
\key g \minor
\cadenzaOn
\stemOff a'\breve bes'4 g'4
\stemOn a'2 \bar "||"
\stemOff a'\breve g'4 a'4
\stemOn f'2 \bar "||"
\stemOff a'\breve^\markup { \italic flexe }
\stemOn g'2 \bar "||"
}
}
Custodes
Custodes may be engraved in various styles.
\layout { ragged-right = ##t }
\new Staff \with { \consists "Custos_engraver" } \relative c' {
\override Staff.Custos #'neutral-position = #4
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'hufnagel
c1^"hufnagel" \break
<d a' f'>1
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'medicaea
c1^"medicaea" \break
<d a' f'>1
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'vaticana
c1^"vaticana" \break
<d a' f'>1
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'mensural
c1^"mensural" \break
<d a' f'>1
}
Incipit
Incipits can be added using the instrument name grob, but keeping
separate the instrument name definition and the incipit definition.
incipit =
#(define-music-function (parser location incipit-music) (ly:music?)
#{
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-Y = #UP
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'Y-offset =
#(lambda (grob)
(+ 4 (system-start-text::calc-y-offset grob)))
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'padding = #0.3
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'stencil =
#(lambda (grob)
(let* ((instrument-name (ly:grob-property grob 'long-text))
(layout (ly:output-def-clone (ly:grob-layout grob)))
(music (make-sequential-music
(list (context-spec-music
(make-sequential-music
(list (make-property-set
'instrumentName instrument-name)
(make-grob-property-set
'VerticalAxisGroup
'Y-extent '(-4 . 4))))
'MensuralStaff)
$incipit-music)))
(score (ly:make-score music))
(mm (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'mm))
(indent (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'indent))
(width (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'incipit-width))
(incipit-width (if (number? width)
(* width mm)
(* indent 0.5))))
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'indent (- indent
incipit-width))
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'line-width indent)
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'ragged-right #f)
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'ragged-last #f)
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'system-count 1)
(ly:score-add-output-def! score layout)
(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'long-text
(markup #:score score))
(system-start-text::print grob)))
#})
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
global = {
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
\key g \major
\time 4/4
% the actual music
\skip 1*8
% let finis bar go through all staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
% finis bar
\bar "|."
}
discantusIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = "discantusIncipit" <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "neomensural-c1"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
c''1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto discantusIncipit { IV- }
>>
discantusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\clef "treble"
d'2. d'4 |
b e' d'2 |
c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
a4) b a2 |
b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
c'1 |
b\breve |
}
}
discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi -- |
la -- te De -- |
o, om --
nis ter -- |
ra, __ om- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
altusIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = "altusIncipit" <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "neomensural-c3"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
r1 f'1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto altusIncipit { IV- }
>>
altusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\clef "treble"
% two measures
r2 g2. e4 fis g |
a2 g4 e |
fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
g1 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
g1 |
g\breve |
}
}
altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% two measures
Ju -- bi -- la -- te |
De -- o, om -- |
nis ter -- ra, |
"..." |
-us. |
}
tenorIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = "tenorIncipit" <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "neomensural-c4"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
r\longa
r\breve
r1 c'1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto tenorIncipit { IV- }
>>
tenorNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\clef "treble_8"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
% two measures
r2 d'2. d'4 b e' |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
e'1 |
d'\breve |
}
}
tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
% two measures
Ju -- bi -- la -- te |
"..." |
-us.
}
bassusIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = "bassusIncipit" <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "bass"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
%% incipit
r\maxima
f1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto bassusIncipit { IV- }
>>
bassusNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\clef "bass"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
g2. e4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
e1 |
g\breve |
}
}
bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi- |
"..." |
-us.
}
\score {
<<
\new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
\new Voice = "discantusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Discantus"
\incipit \discantusIncipit
\discantusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
\new Voice = "altusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Altus"
\incipit \altusIncipit
\altusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
\new Voice = "tenorNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor"
\incipit \tenorIncipit
\tenorNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
\new Voice = "bassusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bassus"
\incipit \bassusIncipit
\bassusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
>>
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
%% no bar lines in staves or lyrics
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
}
%% the next two instructions keep the lyrics between the bar lines
\context {
\Lyrics
\consists "Bar_engraver"
\consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
}
\context {
\Voice
%% no slurs
\override Slur #'transparent = ##t
%% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
%% breaking also at those bar lines where a note overlaps
%% into the next measure. The command is commented out in this
%% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
%% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
%% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
%%\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
}
indent = 6\cm
incipit-width = 4\cm
}
}
Mensurstriche layout (bar lines between the staves)
The mensurstriche-layout where the bar lines do not show on the staves
but between staves can be achieved with a StaffGroup
instead of
a ChoirStaff
. The bar line on staves is blanked out by setting
the transparent
property.
global = {
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##t
s1 s
% the final bar line is not interrupted
\revert Staff.BarLine #'transparent
\bar "|."
}
\new StaffGroup \relative c'' {
<<
\new Staff { << \global { c1 c } >> }
\new Staff { << \global { c c } >> }
>>
}
Rest styles
Rests may be used in various styles.
\layout {
indent = 0
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
}
}
\new Staff \relative c {
\cadenzaOn
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'mensural
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { mensural }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 s32 s64 s128 s128
\bar ""
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { neomensural }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 s32 s64 s128 s128
\bar ""
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'classical
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { classical }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 r32 r64 r128 s128
\bar ""
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'default
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { default }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 r32 r64 r128 s128
}
Transcription of Ancient music with incipit
As a workaround to get real incipits which are independent from the
main score these are included as a markup into the field normally used
for the instrument name. As for now lyrics can only be added as a
direct markup. It doesn’t unfortunately conform with the spacing of the
main lyrics.
global = {
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
\key g \major
\time 4/4
%make the staff lines invisible on staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##t
\skip 1*8 % the actual music
% let finis bar go through all staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
% finis bar
\bar "|."
}
discantusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\clef treble
d'2. d'4 |
b e' d'2 |
c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
a4) b a2 |
b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
b\breve |
}
}
discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi -- |
la -- te De -- |
o, om --
nis ter -- |
ra, __ om- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
altusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\clef treble
r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
a2 g4 e |
fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
g1 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
g\breve |
}
}
altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
De -- o, om -- |
nis ter -- ra, |
"..." |
-us. |
}
tenorNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\clef "treble_8"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
d'\breve |
}
}
tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
"..." |
-us.
}
bassusNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\clef bass
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
g2. e4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
g\breve |
}
}
bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi- |
"..." |
-us.
}
incipitDiscantus = \markup {
\score {
{
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Discantus "
\override NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
\cadenzaOn
\clef "neomensural-c1"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
c''1._"IV-" s2 %two bars
\skip 1*8 % eight bars
}
\layout {
\context {
\Voice
\remove "Ligature_bracket_engraver"
\consists "Mensural_ligature_engraver"
}
line-width = 4.5\cm
}
}
}
incipitAltus = \markup {
\score {
{
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Altus "
\override NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
\cadenzaOn
\clef "neomensural-c3"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
r1 % one bar
f'1._"IV-" s2 % two bars
\skip 1*7 % seven bars
}
\layout {
\context {
\Voice
\remove "Ligature_bracket_engraver"
\consists "Mensural_ligature_engraver"
}
line-width = 4.5\cm
}
}
}
incipitTenor = \markup {
\score {
{
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor "
\override NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
\cadenzaOn
\clef "neomensural-c4"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
r\longa % four bars
r\breve % two bars
r1 % one bar
c'1._"IV-" s2 % two bars
\skip 1 % one bar
}
\layout {
\context {
\Voice
\remove "Ligature_bracket_engraver"
\consists "Mensural_ligature_engraver"
}
line-width = 4.5\cm
}
}
}
incipitBassus = \markup {
\score {
{
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bassus "
\override NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
\cadenzaOn
\clef "bass"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
% incipit
r\maxima % eight bars
f1._"IV-" s2 % two bars
}
\layout {
\context {
\Voice
\remove "Ligature_bracket_engraver"
\consists "Mensural_ligature_engraver"
}
line-width = 4.5\cm
}
}
}
%StaffGroup is used instead of ChoirStaff to get bar lines between systems
\score {
<<
\new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
\new Voice = "discantusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = \incipitDiscantus
\discantusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
\new Voice = "altusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = \incipitAltus
\altusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
\new Voice = "tenorNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = \incipitTenor
\tenorNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
\new Voice = "bassusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = \incipitBassus
\bassusNotes
>>
>>
\new Lyrics = "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
%Keep the bass lyrics outside of the staff group to avoid bar lines
%between the lyrics.
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
% no bars in staves
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
}
% the next three instructions keep the lyrics between the bar lines
\context {
\Lyrics
\consists "Bar_engraver"
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
}
\context {
\StaffGroup
\consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
}
\context {
\Voice
% no slurs
\override Slur #'transparent = ##t
% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
% breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
% into the next bar. The command is commented out in this
% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
%\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
}
indent = 5\cm
}
}
Vertical line as a baroque articulation mark
This short vertical line placed above the note is commonly used in
baroque music. Its meaning can vary, but generally indicates notes
that should be played with more “weight”. The following example
demonstrates how to achieve such a notation.
upline =
#(let ((m (make-articulation "stopped")))
(set! (ly:music-property m 'tweaks)
(acons 'font-size 3
(acons 'stencil (lambda (grob)
(grob-interpret-markup
grob
(make-draw-line-markup '(0 . 1))))
(ly:music-property m 'tweaks))))
m)
\relative c' {
a'4^\upline a( c d')_\upline
}