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package org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.examples;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.CellReference;


/**
 * Demonstrates how to add an image to a worksheet and set that image's size
 * to a specific number of milimetres irrespective of the width of the columns
 * or height of the rows. Overridden methods are provided so that the location
 * of the image - the cells row and column co-ordinates that define the top
 * left hand corners of the image - can be identified either in the familiar
 * Excel manner - A1 for instance - or using POI's methodolody of a column and
 * row index where 0, 0 would indicate cell A1.
 *
 * The best way to make use of these techniques is to delay adding the image to
 * the sheet until all other work has been completed. That way, the sizes of
 * all rows and columns will have been adjusted - assuming that step was
 * necessary. Even though the anchors type is set to prevent the image moving
 * or re-sizing, this setting does not have any effect until the sheet is being
 * viewed using the Excel application.
 *
 * The key to the process is the HSSFClientAnchor class. It accepts eight
 * parameters that define, in order;
 *
 *      * How far - in terms of co-ordinate position - the image should be inset
 *      from the left hand border of a cell.
 *      * How far - in terms of co-ordinate positions - the image should be inset
 *      from the from the top of the cell.
 *      * How far - in terms of co-ordinate positions - the right hand edge of
 *      the image should protrude into a cell (measured from the cell's left hand
 *      edge to the image's right hand edge).
 *      * How far - in terms of co-ordinate positions - the bottm edge of the
 *      image should protrude into a row (measured from the cell's top edge to
 *      the image's bottom edge).
 *      * The index of the column that contains the cell whose top left hand
 *      corner should be aligned with the top left hand corner of the image.
 *      * The index of the row that contains the cell whose top left hand corner
 *      should be aligned with the image's top left hand corner.
 *      * The index of the column that contains the cell whose top left hand
 *      corner should be aligned with the image's bottom right hand corner
 *      * The index number of the row that contains the cell whose top left
 *      hand corner should be aligned with the images bottom right hand corner.
 *
 * It can be used to add an image into cell A1, for example, in the following
 * manner;
 *
 *      HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0,
 *          (short)0, 0, (short)1, 1);
 *
 * The final four parameters determine that the top left hand corner should be
 * aligned with the top left hand corner of cell A1 and it's bottom right
 * hand corner with the top left hand corner of cell B2. Think of the image as
 * being stretched so that it's top left hand corner is aligned with the top
 * left hand corner of cell A1 and it's bottom right hand corner is aligned with
 * the top left hand corner of cell B1. Interestingly, this would also produce
 * the same results;
 *
 *       anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 1023, 255,
 *          (short)0, 0, (short)0, 0);
 *
 * Note that the final four parameters all contain the same value and seem to
 * indicate that the images top left hand corner is aligned with the top left
 * hand corner of cell A1 and that it's bottom right hand corner is also
 * aligned with the top left hand corner of cell A1. Yet, running this code
 * would see the image fully occupying cell A1. That is the result of the
 * values passed to parameters three and four; these I have referred to as
 * determing the images co-ordinates within the cell. They indicate that the
 * image should occupy - in order - the full width of the column and the full
 * height of the row.
 *
 * The co-ordinate values shown are the maxima; and they are independent of
 * row height/column width and of the font used. Passing 255 will always result
 * in the image occupying the full height of the row and passing 1023 will
 * always result in the image occupying the full width of the column. They help
 * in situations where an image is larger than a column/row and must overlap
 * into the next column/row. Using them does mean, however, that it is often
 * necessary to perform conversions between Excel's characters units, points,
 * pixels and millimetres in order to establish how many rows/columns an image
 * should occupy and just what the varous insets ought to be.
 *
 * Note that the first two parameters of the HSSFClientAchor classes constructor
 * are not made use of in the code that follows. It would be fairly trivial
 * however to extend these example further and provide methods that would centre
 * an image within a cell or allow the user to specify that a plain border a
 * fixed number of millimetres wide should wrap around the image. Those first
 * two parameters would make this sort of functionality perfectly possible.
 *
 * Owing to the various conversions used, the actual size of the image may vary
 * from that required; testing has so far found this to be in the region of
 * plus or minus two millimetres. Most likely by modifying the way the
 * calculations are performed - possibly using double(s) throughout and
 * rounding the values at the correct point - it is likely that these errors
 * could be reduced or removed.
 *
 * A note concerning Excels' image resizing behaviour. The HSSFClientAnchor
 * class contains a method called setAnchorType(int) which can be used to
 * determine how Excel will resize an image in reponse to the user increasing
 * or decreasing the dimensions of the cell containing the image. There are 
 * three values that can be passed to this method; 0 = To move and size the 
 * image with the cell, 2 = To move but don't size the image with the cell,
 * 3 = To prevent the image from moving or being resized along with the cell. If
 * an image is inserted using this class and placed into a single cell then if
 * the setAnchorType(int) method is called and a value of either 0 or 2 passed
 * to it, the resultant resizing behaviour may be a surprise. The image will not
 * grow in size of the column is made wider or the row higher but it will shrink
 * if the columns width or rows height are reduced.
 *
 * @author Mark Beardsley [msb at apache.org]
 * @version 1.00 5th August 2009.
 */
public class AddDimensionedImage {

    // Four constants that determine how - and indeed whether - the rows
    // and columns an image may overlie should be expanded to accomodate that
    // image.
    // Passing EXPAND_ROW will result in the height of a row being increased
    // to accomodate the image if it is not already larger. The image will
    // be layed across one or more columns.
    // Passing EXPAND_COLUMN will result in the width of the column being
    // increased to accomodate the image if it is not already larger. The image
    // will be layed across one or many rows.
    // Passing EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN will result in the height of the row
    // bing increased along with the width of the column to accomdate the
    // image if either is not already larger.
    // Passing OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN will result in the image being layed
    // over one or more rows and columns. No row or column will be resized,
    // instead, code will determine how many rows and columns the image should
    // overlie.
    public static final int EXPAND_ROW = 1;
    public static final int EXPAND_COLUMN = 2;
    public static final int EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN = 3;
    public static final int OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN = 7;

    /**
     * Add an image to a worksheet.
     *
     * @param cellNumber A String that contains the location of the cell whose
     *                   top left hand corner should be aligned with the top
     *                   left hand corner of the image; for example "A1", "A2"
     *                   etc. This is to support the familiar Excel syntax.
     *                   Whilst images are are not actually inserted into cells
     *                   this provides a convenient method of indicating where
     *                   the image should be positioned on the sheet.
     * @param sheet A reference to the sheet that contains the cell referenced
     *              above.
     * @param imageFile A String that encapsulates the name of and path to
     *                  the image that is to be 'inserted into' the sheet.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                        width of the image in millimetres.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         height of the image in millimetres.
     * @param resizeBehaviour A primitive int whose value will determine how
     *                        the code should react if the image is larger than
     *                        the cell referenced by the cellNumber parameter.
     *                        Four constants are provided to determine what
     *                        should happen;
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException If the file containing the image
     *                                       cannot be located.
     * @throws java.io.IOException If a problem occurs whilst reading the file
     *                             of image data.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException If an invalid value is passed
     *                                            to the resizeBehaviour
     *                                            parameter.
     */
    public void addImageToSheet(String cellNumber, HSSFSheet sheet,
            String imageFile, double reqImageWidthMM, double reqImageHeightMM,
            int resizeBehaviour) throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException {
        // Convert the String into column and row indices then chain the
        // call to the overridden addImageToSheet() method.
        CellReference cellRef = new CellReference(cellNumber);
        this.addImageToSheet(cellRef.getCol(), cellRef.getRow(), sheet,
                imageFile, reqImageWidthMM, reqImageHeightMM,resizeBehaviour);
    }

    /**
     * Add an image to a worksheet.
     *
     * @param colNumber A primitive int that contains the index number of a
     *                  column on the worksheet; POI column indices are zero
     *                  based. Together with the rowNumber parameter's value,
     *                  this parameter identifies a cell on the worksheet. The
     *                  image's top left hand corner will be aligned with the
     *                  top left hand corner of this cell.
     * @param rowNumber A primtive int that contains the index number of a row
     *                  on the worksheet; POI row indices are zero based.
     *                  Together with the rowNumber parameter's value, this
     *                  parameter identifies a cell on the worksheet. The
     *                  image's top left hand corner will be aligned with the
     *                  top left hand corner of this cell.
     * @param sheet A reference to the sheet that contains the cell identified
     *              by the two parameters above.
     * @param imageFile A String that encapsulates the name of and path to
     *                  the image that is to be 'inserted into' the sheet.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                        width of the image in millimetres.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double that contains the required
     *                         height of the image in millimetres.
     * @param resizeBehaviour A primitive int whose value will determine how
     *                        the code should react if the image is larger than
     *                        the cell referenced by the colNumber and
     *                        rowNumber parameters. Four constants are provided
     *                        to determine what should happen;
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     *                          AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN
     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException If the file containing the image
     *                                       cannot be located.
     * @throws java.io.IOException If a problem occurs whilst reading the file
     *                             of image data.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException If an invalid value is passed
     *                                            to the resizeBehaviour
     *                                            parameter.
     */
    private void addImageToSheet(int colNumber, int rowNumber, HSSFSheet sheet,
            String imageFile, double reqImageWidthMM, double reqImageHeightMM,
            int resizeBehaviour) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException,
                                                     IllegalArgumentException  {
        HSSFRow row = null;
        HSSFClientAnchor anchor = null;
        HSSFPatriarch patriarch = null;
        ClientAnchorDetail rowClientAnchorDetail = null;
        ClientAnchorDetail colClientAnchorDetail = null;

        // Validate the resizeBehaviour parameter.
        if((resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN) &&
           (resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW) &&
           (resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN) &&
           (resizeBehaviour != AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value passed to the " +
                    "resizeBehaviour parameter of AddDimensionedImage.addImageToSheet()");
        }

        // Call methods to calculate how the image and sheet should be
        // manipulated to accomodate the image; columns and then rows.
        colClientAnchorDetail = this.fitImageToColumns(sheet, colNumber,
                reqImageWidthMM, resizeBehaviour);
        rowClientAnchorDetail = this.fitImageToRows(sheet, rowNumber,
                reqImageHeightMM, resizeBehaviour);

        // Having determined if and how to resize the rows, columns and/or the
        // image, create the HSSFClientAnchor object to position the image on
        // the worksheet. Note how the two ClientAnchorDetail records are
        // interrogated to recover the row/column co-ordinates and any insets.
        // The first two parameters are not used currently but could be if the
        // need arose to extend the functionality of this code by adding the
        // ability to specify that a clear 'border' be placed around the image.
        anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
                                      0,
                                      colClientAnchorDetail.getInset(),
                                      rowClientAnchorDetail.getInset(),
                                      (short)colClientAnchorDetail.getFromIndex(),
                                      rowClientAnchorDetail.getFromIndex(),
                                      (short)colClientAnchorDetail.getToIndex(),
                                      rowClientAnchorDetail.getToIndex());

        // For now, set the anchor type to do not move or resize the
        // image as the size of the row/column is adjusted. This could easilly
        // become another parameter passed to the method.
        //anchor.setAnchorType(HSSFClientAnchor.DONT_MOVE_AND_RESIZE);
        anchor.setAnchorType(HSSFClientAnchor.MOVE_AND_RESIZE);
        
        // Now, add the picture to the workbook. Note that the type is assumed
        // to be a JPEG/JPG, this could easily (and should) be parameterised
        // however.
        //int index = sheet.getWorkbook().addPicture(this.imageToBytes(imageFile),
        //            HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG);
        int index = sheet.getWorkbook().addPicture(this.imageToBytes(imageFile), HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG);

        // Get the drawing patriarch and create the picture.
        patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
        patriarch.createPicture(anchor, index);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the sheets columns should be re-sized to accomodate
     * the image, adjusts the columns width if necessary and creates then
     * returns a ClientAnchorDetail object that facilitates construction of
     * an HSSFClientAnchor that will fix the image on the sheet and establish
     * it's size.
     *
     * @param sheet A reference to the sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param colNumber A primtive int that contains the index number of a
     *                  column on the sheet.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM A primtive double that contains the required
     *                        width of the image in millimetres
     * @param resizeBehaviour A primitve int whose value will indicate how the
     *                        width of the column should be adjusted if the
     *                        required width of the image is greater than the
     *                        width of the column.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     *         the index number of the column containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     *         image, the index number column containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand corner of
     *         the image and an inset that determines how far the right hand
     *         edge of the image can protrude into the next column - expressed
     *         as a specific number of co-ordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail fitImageToColumns(HSSFSheet sheet, int colNumber,
            double reqImageWidthMM, int resizeBehaviour) {

        double colWidthMM = 0.0D;
        double colCoordinatesPerMM = 0.0D;
        int pictureWidthCoordinates = 0;
        ClientAnchorDetail colClientAnchorDetail = null;

        // Get the colum's width in millimetres
        colWidthMM = ConvertImageUnits.widthUnits2Millimetres(
                (short)sheet.getColumnWidth(colNumber));

        // Check that the column's width will accomodate the image at the
        // required dimension. If the width of the column is LESS than the
        // required width of the image, decide how the application should
        // respond - resize the column or overlay the image across one or more
        // columns.
        if(colWidthMM < reqImageWidthMM) {

            // Should the column's width simply be expanded?
            if((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN) ||
               (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN)) {
                // Set the width of the column by converting the required image
                // width from millimetres into Excel's column width units.
                sheet.setColumnWidth(colNumber,
                        ConvertImageUnits.millimetres2WidthUnits(reqImageWidthMM));
                // To make the image occupy the full width of the column, convert
                // the required width of the image into co-ordinates. This value
                // will become the inset for the ClientAnchorDetail class that
                // is then instantiated.
                colWidthMM = reqImageWidthMM;
                colCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                    colWidthMM;
                pictureWidthCoordinates = (int)(reqImageWidthMM * colCoordinatesPerMM);
                colClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(colNumber,
                        colNumber, pictureWidthCoordinates);
            }
            // If the user has chosen to overlay both rows and columns or just
            // to expand ONLY the size of the rows, then calculate how to lay
            // the image out across one or more columns.
            else if ((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN) ||
                     (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW)) {
                colClientAnchorDetail = this.calculateColumnLocation(sheet,
                        colNumber, reqImageWidthMM);
            }
        }
        // If the column is wider than the image.
        else {
            // Mow many co-ordinate positions are there per millimetre?
            colCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                    colWidthMM;
            // Given the width of the image, what should be it's co-ordinate?
            pictureWidthCoordinates = (int)(reqImageWidthMM * colCoordinatesPerMM);
            colClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(colNumber,
                    colNumber, pictureWidthCoordinates);
        }
        return(colClientAnchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the sheet's row should be re-sized to accomodate
     * the image, adjusts the rows height if necessary and creates then
     * returns a ClientAnchorDetail object that facilitates construction of
     * an HSSFClientAnchor that will fix the image on the sheet and establish
     * it's size.
     *
     * @param sheet A reference to the sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param rowNumber A primtive int that contains the index number of a
     *                  row on the sheet.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primtive double that contains the required
     *                         height of the image in millimetres
     * @param resizeBehaviour A primitve int whose value will indicate how the
     *                        height of the row should be adjusted if the
     *                        required height of the image is greater than the
     *                        height of the row.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     *         the index number of the row containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     *         image, the index number of the row containing the cell whose
     *         top left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand
     *         corner of the image and an inset that determines how far the
     *         bottom edge of the image can protrude into the next (lower)
     *         row - expressed as a specific number of co-ordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail fitImageToRows(HSSFSheet sheet, int rowNumber,
            double reqImageHeightMM, int resizeBehaviour) {
        HSSFRow row = null;
        double rowHeightMM = 0.0D;
        double rowCoordinatesPerMM = 0.0D;
        int pictureHeightCoordinates = 0;
        ClientAnchorDetail rowClientAnchorDetail = null;

        // Get the row and it's height
        row = sheet.getRow(rowNumber);
        if(row == null) {
            // Create row if it does not exist.
            row = sheet.createRow(rowNumber);
        }

        // Get the row's height in millimetres
        rowHeightMM = row.getHeightInPoints() / ConvertImageUnits.POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE;

        // Check that the row's height will accomodate the image at the required
        // dimensions. If the height of the row is LESS than the required height
        // of the image, decide how the application should respond - resize the
        // row or overlay the image across a series of rows.
        if(rowHeightMM < reqImageHeightMM) {
            if((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW) ||
               (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN)) {
                row.setHeightInPoints((float)(reqImageHeightMM *
                        ConvertImageUnits.POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE));
                rowHeightMM = reqImageHeightMM;
                rowCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                    rowHeightMM;
                pictureHeightCoordinates = (int)(reqImageHeightMM * rowCoordinatesPerMM);
                rowClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(rowNumber,
                        rowNumber, pictureHeightCoordinates);
            }
            // If the user has chosen to overlay both rows and columns or just
            // to expand ONLY the size of the columns, then calculate how to lay
            // the image out ver one or more rows.
            else if((resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.OVERLAY_ROW_AND_COLUMN) ||
                    (resizeBehaviour == AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_COLUMN)) {
                rowClientAnchorDetail = this.calculateRowLocation(sheet,
                        rowNumber, reqImageHeightMM);
            }
        }
        // Else, if the image is smaller than the space available
        else {
            rowCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                    rowHeightMM;
            pictureHeightCoordinates = (int)(reqImageHeightMM * rowCoordinatesPerMM);
            rowClientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(rowNumber,
                        rowNumber, pictureHeightCoordinates);
        }
        return(rowClientAnchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * If the image is to overlie more than one column, calculations need to be
     * performed to determine how many columns and whether the image will
     * overlie just a part of one column in order to be presented at the
     * required size.
     *
     * @param sheet The sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param startingColumn A primitive int whose value is the index of the
     *                       column that contains the cell whose top left hand
     *                       corner should be aligned with the top left hand
     *                       corner of the image.
     * @param reqImageWidthMM A primitive double whose value will indicate the
     *                        required width of the image in millimetres.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     *         the index number of the column containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     *         image, the index number column containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand corner of
     *         the image and an inset that determines how far the right hand
     *         edge of the image can protrude into the next column - expressed
     *         as a specific number of co-ordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail calculateColumnLocation(HSSFSheet sheet,
                                                       int startingColumn,
                                                       double reqImageWidthMM) {
        ClientAnchorDetail anchorDetail = null;
        double totalWidthMM = 0.0D;
        double colWidthMM = 0.0D;
        double overlapMM = 0.0D;
        double coordinatePositionsPerMM = 0.0D;
        int toColumn = startingColumn;
        int inset = 0;

        // Calculate how many columns the image will have to
        // span in order to be presented at the required size.
        while(totalWidthMM < reqImageWidthMM) {
            colWidthMM = ConvertImageUnits.widthUnits2Millimetres(
                    (short)(sheet.getColumnWidth(toColumn)));
            // Note use of the cell border width constant. Testing with an image
            // declared to fit exactly into one column demonstrated that it's
            // width was greater than the width of the column the POI returned.
            // Further, this difference was a constant value that I am assuming
            // related to the cell's borders. Either way, that difference needs
            // to be allowed for in this calculation.
            totalWidthMM += (colWidthMM + ConvertImageUnits.CELL_BORDER_WIDTH_MILLIMETRES);
            toColumn++;
        }
        // De-crement by one the last column value.
        toColumn--;
        // Highly unlikely that this will be true but, if the width of a series
        // of columns is exactly equal to the required width of the image, then
        // simply build a ClientAnchorDetail object with an inset equal to the
        // total number of co-ordinate positions available in a column, a
        // from column co-ordinate (top left hand corner) equal to the value
        // of the startingColumn parameter and a to column co-ordinate equal
        // to the toColumn variable.
        //
        // Convert both values to ints to perform the test.
        if((int)totalWidthMM == (int)reqImageWidthMM) {
            // A problem could occur if the image is sized to fit into one or
            // more columns. If that occurs, the value in the toColumn variable
            // will be in error. To overcome this, there are two options, to
            // ibcrement the toColumn variable's value by one or to pass the
            // total number of co-ordinate positions to the third paramater
            // of the ClientAnchorDetail constructor. For no sepcific reason,
            // the latter option is used below.
            anchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingColumn, 
                    toColumn, ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS);
        }
        // In this case, the image will overlap part of another column and it is
        // necessary to calculate just how much - this will become the inset
        // for the ClientAnchorDetail object.
        else {
            // Firstly, claculate how much of the image should overlap into
            // the next column.
            overlapMM = reqImageWidthMM - (totalWidthMM - colWidthMM);

            // When the required size is very close indded to the column size,
            // the calcaulation above can produce a negative value. To prevent
            // problems occuring in later caculations, this is simply removed
            // be setting the overlapMM value to zero.
            if(overlapMM < 0) {
                overlapMM = 0.0D;
            }

            // Next, from the columns width, calculate how many co-ordinate
            // positons there are per millimetre
            coordinatePositionsPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                    colWidthMM;
            // From this figure, determine how many co-ordinat positions to
            // inset the left hand or bottom edge of the image.
            inset = (int)(coordinatePositionsPerMM * overlapMM);

            // Now create the ClientAnchorDetail object, setting the from and to
            // columns and the inset.
            anchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingColumn, toColumn, inset);
        }
        return(anchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * If the image is to overlie more than one rows, calculations need to be
     * performed to determine how many rows and whether the image will
     * overlie just a part of one row in order to be presented at the
     * required size.
     *
     * @param sheet The sheet that will 'contain' the image.
     * @param startingRow A primitive int whose value is the index of the row
     *                    that contains the cell whose top left hand corner
     *                    should be aligned with the top left hand corner of
     *                    the image.
     * @param reqImageHeightMM A primitive double whose value will indicate the
     *                         required height of the image in millimetres.
     * @return An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class that will contain
     *         the index number of the row containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the top left hand corner of the
     *         image, the index number of the row containing the cell whose top
     *         left hand corner also defines the bottom right hand corner of
     *         the image and an inset that determines how far the bottom edge
     *         can protrude into the next (lower) row - expressed as a specific
     *         number of co-ordinate positions.
     */
    private ClientAnchorDetail calculateRowLocation(HSSFSheet sheet,
            int startingRow, double reqImageHeightMM) {
        ClientAnchorDetail clientAnchorDetail = null;
        HSSFRow row = null;
        double rowHeightMM = 0.0D;
        double totalRowHeightMM = 0.0D;
        double overlapMM = 0.0D;
        double rowCoordinatesPerMM = 0.0D;
        int toRow = startingRow;
        int inset = 0;

        // Step through the rows in the sheet and accumulate a total of their
        // heights.
        while(totalRowHeightMM < reqImageHeightMM) {
            row = sheet.getRow(toRow);
            // Note, if the row does not already exist on the sheet then create
            // it here.
            if(row == null) {
                row = sheet.createRow(toRow);
            }
            // Get the row's height in millimetres and add to the running total.
            rowHeightMM = row.getHeightInPoints() /
                    ConvertImageUnits.POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE;
            totalRowHeightMM += rowHeightMM;
            toRow++;
        }
        // Owing to the way the loop above works, the rowNumber will have been
        // incremented one row too far. Undo that here.
        toRow--;
        // Check to see whether the image should occupy an exact number of
        // rows. If so, build the ClientAnchorDetail record to point
        // to those rows and with an inset of the total number of co-ordinate
        // position in the row.
        //
        // To overcome problems that can occur with comparing double values for
        // equality, cast both to int(s) to truncate the value; VERY crude and
        // I do not really like it!!
        if((int)totalRowHeightMM == (int)reqImageHeightMM) {
            clientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingRow, toRow,
                    ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS);
        }
        else {
            // Calculate how far the image will project into the next row. Note
            // that the height of the last row assessed is subtracted from the
            // total height of all rows assessed so far.
            overlapMM = reqImageHeightMM - (totalRowHeightMM - rowHeightMM);

            // To prevent an exception being thrown when the required width of
            // the image is very close indeed to the column size.
            if(overlapMM < 0) {
                overlapMM = 0.0D;
            }

            rowCoordinatesPerMM = ConvertImageUnits.TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS /
                    rowHeightMM;
            inset = (int)(overlapMM * rowCoordinatesPerMM);
            clientAnchorDetail = new ClientAnchorDetail(startingRow,
                        toRow, inset);
        }
        return(clientAnchorDetail);
    }

    /**
     * Loads - reads in and converts into an array of byte(s) - an image from
     * a named file.
     *
     * Note: this method should be modified so that the type of the image may
     * also be passed to it. Currently, it assumes that all images are
     * JPG/JPEG(s).
     *
     * @param imageFilename A String that encapsulates the path to and name
     *                      of the file that contains the image which is to be
     *                      'loaded'.
     * @return An array of type byte that contains the raw data of the named
     *         image.
     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException Thrown if it was not possible to
     *                                       open the specified file.
     * @throws java.io.IOException Thrown if reading the file failed or was
     *                             interrupted.
     */
    private byte[] imageToBytes(String imageFilename) throws IOException {
        File imageFile = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
        int read = 0;
        try {
            imageFile = new File(imageFilename);
            fis = new FileInputStream(imageFile);
            bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            while((read = fis.read()) != -1) {
                bos.write(read);
            }
            return(bos.toByteArray());
        }
        finally {
            if(fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                    fis = null;
                }
                catch(IOException ioEx) {
                    // Nothing to do here
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * The main entry point to the program. It contains code that demonstrates
     * one way to use the program.
     *
     * Note, the code is not restricted to use on new workbooks only. If an
     * image is to be inserted into an existing workbook. just open that
     * workbook, gat a reference to a sheet and pass that;
     *
     *      AddDimensionedImage addImage = new AddDimensionedImage();
     *
     *      File file = new File("....... Existing Workbook .......");
     *      FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
     *      HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fis);
     *      HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
     *      addImage.addImageToSheet("C3", sheet, "image.jpg", 30, 20,
     *          AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND.ROW);
     *
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String imageFile = null;
        String outputFile = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        HSSFWorkbook workbook = null;
        HSSFSheet sheet = null;
        try {
            if(args.length < 2){
                System.err.println("Usage: AddDimensionedImage imageFile outputFile");
                return;
            }
            imageFile = args[0];
            outputFile = args[1];

            workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
            sheet = workbook.createSheet("Picture Test");
            new AddDimensionedImage().addImageToSheet("A1", sheet,
                    imageFile, 125, 125,
                    AddDimensionedImage.EXPAND_ROW_AND_COLUMN);
            fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            workbook.write(fos);
        }
        catch(FileNotFoundException fnfEx) {
            System.out.println("Caught an: " + fnfEx.getClass().getName());
            System.out.println("Message: " + fnfEx.getMessage());
            System.out.println("Stacktrace follows...........");
            fnfEx.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }
        catch(IOException ioEx) {
            System.out.println("Caught an: " + ioEx.getClass().getName());
            System.out.println("Message: " + ioEx.getMessage());
            System.out.println("Stacktrace follows...........");
            ioEx.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }
        finally {
            if(fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                    fos = null;
                }
                catch(IOException ioEx) {
                    // I G N O R E
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * The HSSFClientAnchor class accepts eight parameters. In order, these are;
     *
     *      * How far the left hand edge of the image is inset from the left hand
     *      edge of the cell
     *      * How far the top edge of the image is inset from the top of the cell
     *      * How far the right hand edge of the image is inset from the left
     *      hand edge of the cell
     *      * How far the bottom edge of the image is inset from the top of the
     *      cell.
     *      * Together, parameters five and six determine the column and row
     *      co-ordinates of the cell whose top left hand corner will be aligned
     *      with the image's top left hand corner.
     *      * Together, parameter seven and eight determine the column and row
     *      co-ordinates of the cell whose top left hand corner will be aligned
     *      with the images bottom right hand corner.
     * 
     * An instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class provides three of the eight
     * parameters, one of the co-ordinates for the images top left hand corner,
     * one of the co-ordinates for the images bottom right hand corner and 
     * either how far the image should be inset from the top or the left hand
     * edge of the cell.
     * 
     * @author Mark Beardsley [mas at apache.org]
     * @version 1.00 5th August 2009.
     */
    public class ClientAnchorDetail {

        public int fromIndex = 0;
        public int toIndex = 0;
        public int inset = 0;

        /**
         * Create a new instance of the ClientAnchorDetail class using the
         * following parameters.
         *
         * @param fromIndex A primitive int that contains one of the
         *                  co-ordinates (row or column index) for the top left
         *                  hand corner of the image.
         * @param toIndex A primitive int that contains one of the
         *                co-ordinates (row or column index) for the bottom
         *                right hand corner of the image.
         * @param inset A primitive int that contains a value which indicates
         *              how far the image should be inset from the top or the
         *              left hand edge of a cell.
         */
        public ClientAnchorDetail(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int inset) {
            this.fromIndex = fromIndex;
            this.toIndex = toIndex;
            this.inset = inset;
        }

        /**
         * Get one of the number of the column or row that contains the cell
         * whose top left hand corner will be aligned with the top left hand
         * corner of the image.
         *
         * @return The value - row or column index - for one of the co-ordinates
         *         of the top left hand corner of the image.
         */
        public int getFromIndex() {
            return(this.fromIndex);
        }

        /**
         * Get one of the number of the column or row that contains the cell
         * whose top left hand corner will be aligned with the bottom righ hand
         * corner of the image.
         *
         * @return The value - row or column index - for one of the co-ordinates
         *         of the bottom right hand corner of the image.
         */
        public int getToIndex() {
            return(this.toIndex);
        }

        /**
         * Get the image's offset from the edge of a cell.
         *
         * @return How far either the right hand or bottom edge of the image is
         *         inset from the left hand or top edge of a cell.
         */
        public int getInset() {
            return(this.inset);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Utility methods used to convert Excel's character based column and row
     * size measurements into pixels and/or millimetres. The class also contains
     * various constants that are required in other calculations.
     *
     * @author xio[darjino@hotmail.com]
     * @version 1.01 30th July 2009.
     *      Added by Mark Beardsley [msb at apache.org].
     *          Additional constants.
     *          widthUnits2Millimetres() and millimetres2Units() methods.
     */
    public static class ConvertImageUnits {

        // Each cell conatins a fixed number of co-ordinate points; this number
        // does not vary with row height or column width or with font. These two
        // constants are defined below.
        public static final int TOTAL_COLUMN_COORDINATE_POSITIONS = 1023; // MB
        public static final int TOTAL_ROW_COORDINATE_POSITIONS = 255;     // MB
        // The resoultion of an image can be expressed as a specific number
        // of pixels per inch. Displays and printers differ but 96 pixels per
        // inch is an acceptable standard to beging with.
        public static final int PIXELS_PER_INCH = 96;                     // MB
        // Cnstants that defines how many pixels and points there are in a
        // millimetre. These values are required for the conversion algorithm.
        public static final double PIXELS_PER_MILLIMETRES = 3.78;         // MB
        public static final double POINTS_PER_MILLIMETRE = 2.83;          // MB
        // The column width returned by HSSF and the width of a picture when
        // positioned to exactly cover one cell are different by almost exactly
        // 2mm - give or take rounding errors. This constant allows that
        // additional amount to be accounted for when calculating how many
        // celles the image ought to overlie.
        public static final double CELL_BORDER_WIDTH_MILLIMETRES = 2.0D;  // MB
        public static final short EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR = 256;
        public static final int UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH = 7;
        public static final int[] UNIT_OFFSET_MAP = new int[]
            { 0, 36, 73, 109, 146, 182, 219 };

        /**
        * pixel units to excel width units(units of 1/256th of a character width)
        * @param pxs
        * @return
        */
        public static short pixel2WidthUnits(int pxs) {
            short widthUnits = (short) (EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR *
                    (pxs / UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH));
            widthUnits += UNIT_OFFSET_MAP[(pxs % UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH)];
            return widthUnits;
        }

        /**
         * excel width units(units of 1/256th of a character width) to pixel
         * units.
         *
         * @param widthUnits
         * @return
         */
        public static int widthUnits2Pixel(short widthUnits) {
            int pixels = (widthUnits / EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR)
                    * UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH;
            int offsetWidthUnits = widthUnits % EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR;
            pixels += Math.round((float) offsetWidthUnits /
                    ((float) EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR / UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH));
            return pixels;
        }

        /**
         * Convert Excel's width units into millimetres.
         *
         * @param widthUnits The width of the column or the height of the
         *                   row in Excel's units.
         * @return A primitive double that contains the columns width or rows
         *         height in millimetres.
         */
        public static double widthUnits2Millimetres(short widthUnits) {
            return(ConvertImageUnits.widthUnits2Pixel(widthUnits) /
                   ConvertImageUnits.PIXELS_PER_MILLIMETRES);
        }

        /**
         * Convert into millimetres Excel's width units..
         *
         * @param millimetres A primitive double that contains the columns
         *                    width or rows height in millimetres.
         * @return A primitive int that contains the columns width or rows
         *         height in Excel's units.
         */
        public static int millimetres2WidthUnits(double millimetres) {
            return(ConvertImageUnits.pixel2WidthUnits((int)(millimetres *
                    ConvertImageUnits.PIXELS_PER_MILLIMETRES)));
        }
    }
}