NOTE: This quickinstall guide was written for Debian/potato. It has _not_
been updated yet for woody. Some things may no longer be accurate (there is
no base3_0.tgz or base2_x.tgz anymore, you need at least 100MB for
installing, maybe even more, just to name a few).
If you (and I mean _you_, just installing woody on your computer and reading
this guide, you are the person who best knwows best what is outdated in this
guide) want to help updating the quickinstall guides for m68k (or finally
integrating them into the main documentation, which comes as text, html,
pdf, whatnot), please send a mail to debian-68k@lists.debian.org, or
debian-boot@lists.debian.org if you already have patches.

Thanks for your help,
Christian


    Debian/m68k GNU/Linux - Short Amiga installation instructions (v0.3)
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------

	  Short Debian/m68k installation instructions for Amiga;
	  to be replaced soon by a _slightly_ longer version :-)

		      Frank Neumann, July 20th, 1998

   Updated for Debian 2.1 Jan 29 1999 Michael Schmitz, Christian Steigies
   Updated for Debian 2.2 Jun 07 2000 Christian Steigies (using parts of 
   the VME installation instructions by Nick Holgate)
   Merged in updates for Debian 2.2 19.06.2000 by Marcin Juszkiewicz  

Many thanks to Massimo Tantignone for the help with the Amiga icons.

A hopefully always up-to-date version of this document should be online at:
     http://www.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de/~amigo/debian_inst.html
(or on any debian mirror in  
 debian/dists/unstable/main/disks-m68k/potato/amiga/install.doc)


Ok, so you think you want to try Debian, dive into the wonderful world 
of free software and world-wide programming collaboration? Fine. Your
first test will be to install the Debian base system on your Amiga, and I
hope this document will help you in getting that step done.

So, without any further ado, these are the absolutely vital steps you need 
to take:

0) Before even thinking of starting to install Debian on your Amiga, you
   should make a BACKUP of your current system. It's not like Debian will
   erase all data on your harddisks immediately when it starts up, but you
   can damage a lot easily if you are new to Linux or Unix in general.
   If you have a DAT, MO or spare harddisk, this is the chance to use them
   for creating a backup.

0b) Check out if your system is suited for Linux/m68k - please read the
    Linux/m68k FAQ, available e.g. at http://www.linux-m68k.org/.

1) Get all required files from one of Debian's FTP sites,
   like ftp.debian.org, ftp.de.debian.org etc. A list of mirror sites
   can be found at http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist
   
   No matter what mirror site you use, the path should always be:
   /pub/debian/dists/potato/main/disks-m68k/current

   These are the files you need:
   - amigainstall.tgz
   - base2_2.tgz
   (note: we don't officially distribute amigainstall.lha anymore for several
    reasons. With a little luck you might find an amigainstall.lha file, which
    contains the amiga subdirectory and amiga.info at:
    www.debian.org/~cts/debian-m68k/potato/amigainstall.lha)

   Alternatively, get the official Debian/68k 2.2 CD set. All required files
   are in /install/

2) Create a subdirectory named "debian" and unpack the amigainstall.tgz file
   to your harddisk (a subdirectory named "amiga" will be automatically
   created for you). I recommend to unpack the archive directly onto the
   created directory of a partition that has at least ~ 25 MB of free
   space. Move the base2_2.tgz file into this same directory ("debian").
   _Don't_ rename any files in that directory.
   When installing from CD, you can use the files in /install/amiga/
   directly. 

3) Partition your harddisk (or rather prepare partitions for Linux) :
   There is a partitioning tool for Linux/m68k called amiga-fdisk, which you
   can use during the installation (see below for short instructions), but
   you can do the partitioning under AmigaOS using the good old HDToolBox
   program.

   You should have reserved at least two partitions for Linux: One for the
   "root filesystem" and one for a "swap partition". The size recommendations
   are:
   - for the root partition:
       * absolute minimum should be 42 MB (this is just enough to install
	 the base system, and nothing else - probably enough for testing
	 it, but not for really using it)
       * a reasonable system starts at around 200 - 400 MB, no limits upwards.
   - for the swap partition: about twice as large as your main memory, but
     rather more than that. Especially on systems with little main memory
     (like 8 MB RAM), don't go below 20 MB swap space. 
     
   Naming conventions: This is important because under Linux your
   partitions have different names than under AmigaOS. This is the
   naming scheme:
   - The first SCSI harddisk (address-wise) is named "sda".
   - The second SCSI harddisk (address-wise) is named "sdb", and so on.
   - The first IDE harddisk is named "hda", the second IDE harddisk
     is named "hdb", and so on.

   The partitions on each harddisk are represented by appending a single
   digit to the harddisk name: sda1, sda2, sda3 represent for first, second
   and third partition of the first SCSI harddisk in your system.

   Here is a real-life example: Let's assume you have a system with 2 SCSI
   harddisks, one at SCSI address 2 and the other at SCSI address 4.
   The first disk is then named "sda", and the second "sdb". 
   If the "sda" harddisk has 5 partitions on it, these will be named
   "sda1", "sda2", ..., "sda5". Analogous for the "sdb" harddisk and its
   partitions.
   
   So, now that we know the partition names, you can actually change their
   type from within HDToolBox so that the Linux installation program can
   detect them easily:

   Start HDToolBox, select the disk you want to use, click on the "Partition
   Drive" button and select/create the partition you want to use as the
   Debian root filesystem.
   Now you need to enable the "Advanced options" and change the following
   items under "Change":

   Set the filesystem to "Custom Filesystem" or "Reserved Filesystem" (it
   depends on your HDToolBox version what you get shown here), set the
   identifier to "0x4c4e5800" (this is the hexadecimal equivalent of "LNX\0"),
   disable the "Auto-mount this partition" checkbox, disable "Custom Bootcode",
   set the "Reserved blocks at" settings to: "2" for start and "0" for end.

   After having done this, select a partition that is to be used as a swap
   partition, and repeat the same steps as above, but set the identifier
   to "0x53575000" instead (this represents "SWP\0" in ASCII).

   Please note:
   - Your root and swap partitions do not need to be on the same harddisk.
   - You can have more than one partition for files besides the root
     filesystem - this even makes sense very often, like when separating the
     user's home directories from the system file area. If you want to use
     more partitions, prepare them just like the root partition.
     If you're just going to try Linux for a short time, it's enough to
     just have a single file partition.
   - You can also have more than one swap partition, though that's not seen
     very often.
   - Write down the partition names (you know, the "sda1" etc. stuff) of
     all partitions that you are going to use for Linux.
   - At this point, please also write down the partition name (Linux-wise)
     of the partition on which you have unpacked the "amigainstall.tgz"
     archive. You will need this later for installation of the base system.
 
   When you have made all required changes, go back to the main window of
   HDToolBox and "Save Changes to drive". Think twice before actually
   clicking on "Yes" - have you chosen the correctly partitions? No
   viable data that could get lost now? Then click OK.
   If required, the Amiga will reboot after this.

   Short instructions for partitioning under Linux with amiga-fdisk:
   amiga-fdisk /dev/hda (or /dev/sda or ...)
   type "m" for a short help
   p to print the partition table
   t to change the partition type
   select the partition number (1, 2, 3, ...)
   type the partition number which belongs to the type you want to have for
   the partition you selected, i.e. 11 for LNX (Linux ext2 partitions)
   or 12 for SWP (Linux swap partition)
   after you have done all changes and all looks ok, press w to write the
   changes to disk. Nothing is changed on your disk (and nothing is lost, if
   you chose a wrong partition or partition type) until you "w"rite to disk.
   press "q" if you want to quit without making any changes.

5) When you're back at your Workbench, start the Linux installation process
   by double-clicking on the "StartInstall" icon in the "debian" directory.

   You will have to press the <Return> key twice after the bootstrap program
   has output some debugging information into a window.
   After this, the screen will go grey, a few seconds of delay, and after
   that a black screen with white text should come up, displaying all kinds
   of kernel debugging information. These scroll by far too fast for you to
   read, but that's not important right now.
   After a couple of seconds, the installation program should start
   automatically.
   If you get up to this point, you can be quite confident that you will be
   able to install Linux on your system. 

   NOTE if you want to use a graphics board with linux, you have to tell the
   kernel about the board. If you don't tell the kernel, it will use standard
   amiga graphics for output (OCS, ECS, AGA) which you might not notice if you
   have your only monitor connected to your graphics board.

   To make your life easier, we have prepared a few scripts for boards which
   are supported. Just doubleclick the relevant StartInstall to start the
   install process, i.e.

   - StartInstall_clgen if you have a EGS Spectrum, Piccolo or Picasso board
   - StartInstall_CV64  if you have a CyberVision64 board,
   - StartInstall_CV3D  if you have a CyberVision/3D board,
   - StartInstall_retz3 if you have a RetinaZ3 board.

   The scripts are using a resolution of 640x480 in 8 bit. Probably you want
   to use higher resolutions after the system has been set up, but for now
   please leave it at this resolution. For the CyberVision 3D board you _have_
   to select a 640x480 screenmode in 8 bit, otherwise you will have a more or
   less distorted screen. I was told the CyberVision64 always uses this mode, 
   you can change it only later under linux with fbset.

   For further info, esp. if you want to use higher resolutions in your
   linuxgo file, please read the relevant docs for your board (clgen.txt,
   cv64.txt, cv3d.txt) which were taken from the kernel source or from the
   linux-m68k mailing list. See ocs_ecs_aga.txt if you don't have a graphics
   board and have problems with your video mode.

6) So, now we're getting somewhere. The Debian installation program will
   lead you through the steps of preparing the partitions from the Linux
   side, unpacking and configuring the kernel modules and base system,
   and finally rebooting. Some of the presented steps are not really necessary
   on m68k platforms, and I'll tell you what you have to do at each step now.
   
   - Release notes
     This is just a screen with some information about Debian's goals,
     who built the rescue set etc.

   Now we come to the main installation screen which lists all possible
   actions you can take, with the next logical step always being highlighted
   at the top of the list. I recommend you strictly follow the suggested
   way.

   - Configure the keyboard
     Depending on whether you have a U.S. or other keyboard, select the
     one appropriate for you with the cursor keys and <Space>, then move
     with <Tab> to the OK button and press <Return>.

   - Partition a hard disk
     If you have not done so under AmigaOS, you can now partition your
     harddisk(s) and select some of them to use them as Linux ext2 and swap
     partitions. As described above, you need at least one partition for
     the root file system (minimum 42 MB). Unless you have a lot of RAM, you
     should also have one or several swap partitions. Besides the root
     partition, you can have more ext2 partitions to hold i.e. the usr and
     home directories. For a longer discussion on this, see the doc directory.

   - Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition
     When pressing <Return>, you will see a list of partitions that the
     installation program has found for usage as a swap partition. 
     Probably there is only one choice, and it should have the same name 
     you wrote down under AmigaOS while you were in HDToolbox.
     If you have chosen to use several swap partitions, repeat the following
     step for all of them:
     * Press <Return> to accept the selected partition
     * When asked whether you want to do a bad-block scan, you can safely
       skip this step, so select "No" here using <Tab>.
     * When asked whether you really want to initialize this partition as
       a swap partition, think twice, then, when you're sure, press <Return>.
     At this point the swap partition will be "formatted" which only takes
     a second (you'll hardly be able to read the text that appears at the top
     of the screen - ignore that for now).

   - Initialize a Linux partition
     This is very similar to the previous step, but this time it's not about
     swap partitions, but about "real" partition which are supposed to carry
     files. Just as before, you'll be presented with a list of partitions
     that the installer found to be valid as Linux filesystem partitions.
     Again, for each of the partitions you have chosen, accept them, select
     "No" when prompted for kernel 2.0.x compatibility, skip the
     "Bad-block scan" and (when you are sure) select "Yes" to format
     (initialize) the partition. After that, you will be asked whether you
      want to mount the currently active partition as root ("/") partition.
     Say Yes here at the first partition you use. Other partitions can
     be mounted somewhere under this mount point afterwards.

   - Install Operating System Kernel and Modules
     Select the medium on which you have the installation files, i.e. CDROM,
     if you are installing with the official CD-ROM, or the harddisk
     partition on which you copied the amiga subdirectory (or unpacked the 
     "amigainstall.tgz" archive).
     After that you can either enter the path to the directory containing
     the installation files or press <Return> to let the installer build a
     list of all directories with installation files (this may take a little
     time).

     The harddisk LED will blink for a while as the kernel and modules are
     unpacked onto the root partition, and after that you get back to the
     main screen.

   - Configure Device Driver Modules
     This step is only necessary if certain device drivers need to be loaded
     very early when Linux starts up; for instance, an Ethernet driver has
     to be pre-loaded so that the networking can already be initialized
     at boot-time. For a stand-alone system you don't have to configure
     anything here, but you should still select this item so that the
     installer can build a list of available kernel modules.
     When you see the next screen, you can immediately
     "Exit: Finished with modules. Return to previous menu".

     If you DO need to configure a device driver for your system, please 
     follow the on-screen explanations for selecting modules to be
     pre-loaded (this section is a bit short right now, sorry). 
     For example: if you have PCMCIA Ethernet card you have to select
     "apne" from "net" submenu.
     You can pass command line arguments to the modules, but usually pressing
     "Return" is enough to install the module.
     When done, select the "Exit" item.

     Once your Linux system is installed, you can get back to the
     configuration of modules at any time by starting the "modconf"
     program.

   - Configure the Network
     We're almost done! This last step to do is to set up your networking
     if you are so lucky to be connected to a net.
     If you have no network, all you need to enter is your hostname (under
     Linux, every computer has a name!). Pick something you like - your
     girlfriend's name, a famous artist/writer/composer/character/actor/
     whatever. 

     If you are connected to a network, you need to enter:
     * Your network's name
     * The IP address of your computer
     * The netmask
     * Your broadcast address
     * Your gateway's IP address, if one is available
     * Your nameserver's IP address, if there is one available.
     * Your type of connection - Ethernet, PPP, Slip or whatever else.

   - Install the Base System
     Select the medium, on which you have the installation files, i.e. CDROM,
     if you are installing with the official CD-ROM, or the harddisk
     partition on which you copied the amiga subdirectory (or unpacked the 
     "amigainstall.tgz" archive).
     After that you can either enter the path to the directory containing
     the installation files or press <Return> to let the installer build a
     list of all directories with installation files (this may take a little
     time).

     Just as with the "Install Operating System Kernel and Modules" step,
     you need to specify where the base system archive is located. This
     file should be named "base2_2.tgz". If you have put it into the same
     directory as the other installation files, you already know what to
     do now: Select "harddisk: Filesystem on the harddisk", pick the
     correct partition and (if necessary) enter the path name to the
     directory containing those files or press <Return> to let the installer
     build a list of all directories containing the base2_2.tgz that can be
     used for installation (this may take a little time).. 
     If you are installing from CD, select "cdrom: CD-ROM drive" and enter
     "/install" as path. Again, as everything should be in the place the
     installer expects them, press <Return> twice after this to accept the
     default options.

     At this moment you've got a few minutes time (depending on the speed
     of your processor/harddisk) while the base archive is unpacked onto
     the Linux root partition.

   - Configure the Base System
     In this step you just set the timezone that you're in - this should
     be pretty intuitive. For instance, for Germany the selection
     "CET - Europe" (first screen) and "Berlin" (second screen) should be
     fine.
     When asked whether your system clock is set to "GMT" (Greenwich
     Mean Time), you will likely answer with "No" as most Amigas I have seen
     so far always use the local time instead of GMT.
     In case you have Geek Gadgets/Amiga Developers Environment (ADE)
     installed on your Amiga you have a better option. You can set your
     system clock to GMT (for Linux) and still have the correct time when
     running AmigaOS, even Daylight Saving time is set correctly under AOS.
     This is what I have added to my s:user-startup.
      setenv TZ Europe/Berlin
      ixtimezone -patch-resource

Well, that's it! Ignore the next suggested step ("Make Linux bootable directly
from harddisk") and instead select alternative 2: "Reboot the System".
After a few seconds, the Amiga should reboot automatically into AmigaOS.
(on some systems, i.e. Blizzard2060, the system does not reboot by itself, so
that you have to press Amiga-Amiga-Control _after_ the system has tried to
soft-reboot. Be sure to give the system enough time to unmount all
filesystems before hard-rebooting. This is a "feature" of the 2.2.x kernel
series, which might be corrected in later versions. Volunteers?)

So, one last step is required from you before you can boot your freshly
installed Linux: Go to the directory containing the installation files
and start up a texteditor into which you need to enter just one line:

 amiboot-x.x -k linux root=/dev/yyyy ro

In this line, replace the "x.x" with the version number of the amiboot
program that is in that directory - it was "5.6" at release time.
Also, replace the "yyyy" with the Linux-wise partition name of the root
partition onto which you installed the system - like sda1, hdb3, whatever
it was, you figure.

Save that file, name it something like "linuxgo", and "protect linuxgo +s"
to make it executable like a program.

Now you can just type "linuxgo" (when being in that directory) to actually
start the system, this time booting from harddisk instead of a RAM filesystem.
The more advanced user might want to create an icon that is linked to that
script, or a short-cut key combination for ToolManager, or whatever you like..

The boot sequence will take quite a bit longer than when you installed the
system because a database of filenames has to be built ("Locate" database).
After that, you are automatically logged in, and need to take these
steps:
 - Activate (or not) the "MD5 passwords" (recommendation: Yes, use it!)
 - Activate (or not) the "Shadow passwords" (recommendation: Yes, use it!)
 - Set a root password
 - Create another (unprivileged) user account (don't skip this step!)
 - Remove PCMCIA stuff from kernel (if you selected it before - Ethernet
   cards works without it)
 - Determine whether you want to continue installing the system via a PPP
   line or not (untested).
 - Select source of packages for APT. You will be prompted for which parts
   of Debian you want (non-US, non-free, contrib).
 - Select which method of selecting packages you want - "simple" or
   "advanced". 
   The "simple" method uses "tasksel", which you can also use that later, 
   to install meta packages for, i.e. C development or games. Each of these
   meta packages will install a number of single packages, which are needed
   for the meta package.
   The "advanced" method uses "dselect", which is still the main package
   selection tool. With dselect you can select single packages to install,
   dependencies will be checked and additional packages, if needed by the
   packages you selected, will be installed.
   Usage of dpkg is not recommend unless you know what you are doing. Both
   methods (tasksel and dselect) use "apt" (or "apt-get") by default which
   makes the installation of packages very easy and fast (in case you have
   experiences with slink and dselect)

When you have finished this step, you get logged out and can log in as root
or as an unprivileged user if you created one before.

At this point you have a running basic Debian installation on your Amiga,
and if this all worked out (more or less) well for you, I'd definitely love
to hear about it! :-)

One more hint: To cleanly shut down a running Linux system, you must not
just reboot with Ctrl-Amiga-Amiga or turn off the computer - instead, 
press the key combination "Ctrl-Alt-Del" (yeah, just like on a PC :-)
to shut down the system in a controlled manner.
That's "Ctrl" + "LeftAlt" + "Delete_on_keypad (.)".

More information:

http://www.debian.org
http://www.linux.org
http://www.linux-m68k.org
..and maybe hundreds of other Linux- or Debian-related Web sites around
the world.


Good luck in the wonderful world of Debian/m68k,
Frank, Michael, Christian, Marcin
