## ----setup, include = FALSE---------------------------------------------------
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>",
  fig.width = 7,
  fig.height = 5
)
library(BORG)

# Check package availability
has_caret <- requireNamespace("caret", quietly = TRUE)
has_recipes <- requireNamespace("recipes", quietly = TRUE)
has_rsample <- requireNamespace("rsample", quietly = TRUE)
has_mlr3 <- requireNamespace("mlr3", quietly = TRUE)

## ----base-r-------------------------------------------------------------------
# Create data
data <- iris
set.seed(42)
n <- nrow(data)
train_idx <- sample(n, 0.7 * n)
test_idx <- setdiff(1:n, train_idx)

# Validate the split
borg(data, train_idx = train_idx, test_idx = test_idx)

## ----preprocessing-pattern----------------------------------------------------
# CORRECT: Fit preprocessing on training data only
train_data <- data[train_idx, ]
train_means <- colMeans(train_data[, 1:4])
train_sds <- apply(train_data[, 1:4], 2, sd)

# Apply train statistics to both sets
scaled_train <- scale(data[train_idx, 1:4], center = train_means, scale = train_sds)
scaled_test <- scale(data[test_idx, 1:4], center = train_means, scale = train_sds)

## ----caret-preprocess, eval = has_caret---------------------------------------
library(caret)

data(mtcars)
train_idx <- 1:25
test_idx <- 26:32

# BAD: preProcess on full data (LEAKS!)
pp_bad <- preProcess(mtcars[, -1], method = c("center", "scale"))
borg_inspect(pp_bad, train_idx, test_idx, data = mtcars)

# GOOD: preProcess on training data only
pp_good <- preProcess(mtcars[train_idx, -1], method = c("center", "scale"))
borg_inspect(pp_good, train_idx, test_idx, data = mtcars)

## ----caret-traincontrol, eval = FALSE-----------------------------------------
# # Standard caret workflow with spatial data
# spatial_data <- data.frame(
#   lon = runif(200, 0, 100),
#   lat = runif(200, 0, 100),
#   response = rnorm(200)
# )
# 
# # This will warn/error if random CV is inappropriate
# ctrl <- borg_trainControl(
#   data = spatial_data,
#   coords = c("lon", "lat"),
#   method = "cv",
#   number = 5
# )
# # If spatial autocorrelation detected, blocks random CV
# # Use auto_block = TRUE to automatically switch to spatial blocking

## ----tidymodels-recipes, eval = has_recipes && has_rsample--------------------
library(recipes)
library(rsample)

data(mtcars)
set.seed(123)
split <- initial_split(mtcars, prop = 0.8)
train_idx <- split$in_id
test_idx <- setdiff(seq_len(nrow(mtcars)), train_idx)

# BAD: Recipe prepped on full data
rec_bad <- recipe(mpg ~ ., data = mtcars) |>
  step_normalize(all_numeric_predictors()) |>
  prep()  # Uses full mtcars!

borg_inspect(rec_bad, train_idx, test_idx, data = mtcars)

# GOOD: Recipe prepped on training only
rec_good <- recipe(mpg ~ ., data = training(split)) |>
  step_normalize(all_numeric_predictors()) |>
  prep()

borg_inspect(rec_good, train_idx, test_idx, data = mtcars)

## ----borg-vfold, eval = FALSE-------------------------------------------------
# # Standard rsample
# folds <- vfold_cv(data, v = 5)  # Random folds
# 
# # BORG-guarded version
# folds <- borg_vfold_cv(
#   data = spatial_data,
#   coords = c("lon", "lat"),
#   v = 5,
#   auto_block = TRUE  # Switches to spatial blocking if needed
# )

## ----borg-group-vfold, eval = FALSE-------------------------------------------
# # For grouped data
# folds <- borg_group_vfold_cv(
#   data = clinical_data,
#   group = patient_id,
#   v = 5
# )

## ----borg-initial-split, eval = FALSE-----------------------------------------
# # For temporal data - enforces chronological ordering
# split <- borg_initial_split(
#   data = ts_data,
#   time = "date",
#   prop = 0.8
# )

## ----rsample-validation, eval = has_rsample-----------------------------------
# Validate existing rsample objects
ts_data <- data.frame(
  date = seq(as.Date("2020-01-01"), by = "day", length.out = 200),
  value = cumsum(rnorm(200))
)

rolling <- rolling_origin(
  data = ts_data,
  initial = 100,
  assess = 20,
  cumulative = FALSE
)

# Check for temporal leakage
borg_inspect(rolling, train_idx = NULL, test_idx = NULL)

## ----mlr3-example, eval = has_mlr3--------------------------------------------
# library(mlr3)
# 
# # Create task
# task <- TaskClassif$new("iris", iris, target = "Species")
# 
# # Create resampling
# resampling <- rsmp("cv", folds = 5)
# resampling$instantiate(task)
# 
# # Validate first fold
# train_idx <- resampling$train_set(1)
# test_idx <- resampling$test_set(1)
# borg_inspect(task, train_idx, test_idx)

## ----temporal-basic-----------------------------------------------------------
set.seed(123)
n <- 365
ts_data <- data.frame(
  date = seq(as.Date("2020-01-01"), by = "day", length.out = n),
  value = cumsum(rnorm(n)),
  feature = rnorm(n)
)

# Chronological split
train_idx <- 1:252
test_idx <- 253:365

# Validate temporal ordering
result <- borg(ts_data, train_idx = train_idx, test_idx = test_idx, time = "date")
result

## ----rolling-origin, eval = has_rsample---------------------------------------
rolling <- rolling_origin(
  data = ts_data,
  initial = 200,
  assess = 30,
  cumulative = FALSE
)

# Validate the resampling scheme
borg_inspect(rolling, train_idx = NULL, test_idx = NULL)

## ----spatial-basic------------------------------------------------------------
set.seed(456)
n <- 200
spatial_data <- data.frame(
  lon = runif(n, -10, 10),
  lat = runif(n, -10, 10),
  response = rnorm(n),
  predictor = rnorm(n)
)

# Geographic split (west vs east)
train_idx <- which(spatial_data$lon < 0)
test_idx <- which(spatial_data$lon >= 0)

# Validate with spatial awareness
result <- borg(spatial_data,
               train_idx = train_idx,
               test_idx = test_idx,
               coords = c("lon", "lat"))
result

## ----spatial-auto-------------------------------------------------------------
# Let BORG generate spatially-blocked folds
result <- borg(spatial_data, coords = c("lon", "lat"), target = "response", v = 5)
result$diagnosis@recommended_cv

# Access the folds
length(result$folds)

## ----grouped-workflow---------------------------------------------------------
# Clinical trial data with repeated measures
clinical_data <- data.frame(
  patient_id = rep(1:50, each = 4),
  visit = rep(1:4, times = 50),
  outcome = rnorm(200)
)

# Let BORG create leave-group-out folds
result <- borg(clinical_data, groups = "patient_id", target = "outcome", v = 5)
result$diagnosis@recommended_cv

# Verify no patient appears in both train and test
fold1 <- result$folds[[1]]
train_patients <- unique(clinical_data$patient_id[fold1$train])
test_patients <- unique(clinical_data$patient_id[fold1$test])
length(intersect(train_patients, test_patients))  # Should be 0

## ----pipeline-validation------------------------------------------------------
# Build a workflow
data <- iris
set.seed(789)
n <- nrow(data)
train_idx <- sample(n, 0.7 * n)
test_idx <- setdiff(1:n, train_idx)

# Validate everything
result <- borg_validate(list(
  data = data,
  train_idx = train_idx,
  test_idx = test_idx
))

result

## ----pipeline-bad-------------------------------------------------------------
# Workflow with overlap (common mistake)
bad_workflow <- list(
  data = iris,
  train_idx = 1:100,
  test_idx = 51:150  # Overlaps!
)

result <- borg_validate(bad_workflow)
result

## ----assimilate---------------------------------------------------------------
# Workflow with fixable issues
workflow <- list(
  data = iris,
  train_idx = 1:100,
  test_idx = 51:150  # Overlap
)

# Attempt automatic repair
fixed <- borg_assimilate(workflow)

if (length(fixed$unfixable) > 0) {
  cat("Partial assimilation:", length(fixed$unfixable), "risk(s) require manual fix:",
      paste(fixed$unfixable, collapse = ", "), "\n")
} else {
  cat("Assimilation complete:", length(fixed$fixed), "risk(s) corrected\n")
}